Abstract
Chainnet is a new type of blockchain, where the most important difference is that the recipient must sign the transaction to receive the money. Such a construction causes many changes to current blockchains. For example, one can implement fully Post Quantum Cryptography, no transaction fees as well speed limited only to how fast entities sign the transaction. Also, many others which are mentioned further inside this document.
Prototype available on Github upon request. Contact to: wonabru[at]gmail[dot]com
Invocation
Currently a law that still exists and derived from Roman law, resulting from the desire to subjugate others (hierarchical system = FIAT money):
Qui tacet consentire videtur – Silence is considered a sign of consent.
And the natural law that contradicts it, which is basically a default law for every human:
The lack of my action / decision is the lack of my acceptance, i.e. silence is considered a sign of no consent.
For confirmation, I can quote about its naturalness high-tech solutions that implement this principle, namely: the value implemented in any known software compiler:
The default parameter value is FALSE, 0, … etc.
This is the main drive of Chainnet.
Introduction
The consequence of the statement in Invocation is that if I do not make action/decision/signing then the transaction could not be accepted, and I do not get money from the transaction. In other words, the recipient must sign a transaction for it to be accepted. Transaction is automatically rejected by Chainnet when it was not signed for all parties up to lock time. Lock time is time declared when sending a transaction to Chainnet. Lock time prevents from everlasting pending transactions.
Thanks to such a structure/construction of Chainnet there is no need for all nodes to accept a block to be accepted by blockchain itself. In that case Tokens to control itself supply can be processed parallel. There is no need to be one block as the consensus. There can be many blocks accepted simultaneously in Chainnet, but each block relates to only one Token. There is no native coin for the whole Chainnet because there are no transaction fees. That is why there is no need to control Total Supply for the whole Chainnet at once, so transactions of different Tokens can be processed simultaneously. Parallel transactions processing on the end gives:
- Speed – speed is limited only by the speed of signing transactions. In Chainnet there is no burden with mining and making some calculations for blockchain to be secure.
- No fees – There are no native tokens because there is no need for transactions’ fees.
- Possibility of Post-Quantum Cryptography implementation – In current days as well in near future Quantum Computer usage can break standard non-symmetric cryptography, so we are going ahead of this and Chainnet is secured by Quantum Computers resistant cryptography.
Blockchain in standard understanding is the chain of blocks consecutive in time, so that Total Supply is controlled (no “double-spending”).
Chainnet is Network of Chains. Meaning Tokens’ chains are in one network which are processed independently. Chainnet in that sense is the protocol/metablockchain/ground which unifies Tokens/chain creations and makes it easy to communicate and exchange between them.
| Property | Standard blockchain | Chainnet | Blockchains vs. Chiannet. What type is better? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Has native coins like ETH, BTC, ADA … | Yes | No | Blockchain |
| Are there transactions’ fees | Yes | No | Chainnet |
| Block processing | consecutive in time | Parallel in time | Chainnet |
| Needs recipient action | No | Yes | Blockchain |
| Block size limits | Yes | No | Chainnet |
| Processing Speed | Max 14 tps. | No limits, depends on number of Tokens | Chainnet |
| Type of consensus | Proof Of Work, Proof Of Stake, etc… | Proof-Of-Stake | Neutral |
| Cryptography | Standard: RSA, ECDSA, … | Quantum Computer Resistant | Chainnet |
| How many participants of a transaction? | 2 | >1 | Chainnet |
| Smart Contracts environment | Ex. EVM, Solidity, etc | Docker, python | Neutral |
| Multisign accounts | Yes | Yes | Neutral |
| Fees for running Smart Contracts | Very high, also depending on price of native coin | Low, depends on Token price on which transaction is processed | Chainnet |
| Time limits of running smart contracts | No | Yes | Chainnet |
| Oracles possible | No | Yes, but temporary | Chainnet |
| Can Smart Contracts change state in blockchain? | Yes | No | Chainnet is more secure |
| DEXes among different blockchains possible? | No | Yes | Chainnet |
| In build PQC communicator | No | Yes | Chainnet |
| Smart Contract processing? | All nodes have to process smart contract instructions to accept. | Depends on smart contract type. Time limited Smart contract may be processed by one node only. The other has to be processed by all nodes related to the given Token from the transaction. | Chainnet more flexible |
| Is it secure from the very beginning? | No | Yes | Chainnet |
| Is there a need to store all transactions at each node? | Yes | No | Chainnet |
User is generating private-public PQC key pairs. Private key is encrypted and stored locally. Public key can be shown to validate any action in Chainnet. 256-bit hash from public key is the address of account. Account is like a bank account, meaning it is an associated number (address) which is visible in Chainnet and under this address are stored Tokens, so in other words money.
Personal account, the main account which signs all flow in Chainnet, can be in possession of any entity. Namely physical persons, or institutions or any other stated by law entity.
Tokens are like currency in the FIAT system. It means each Token has a name and address. Name does not need to be unique but addresses certainly are unique.
PQC – Post Quantum Cryptography. PQC is cryptography which is resistant to quantum computers.
Atomic transaction – simple transaction between two Personal accounts. Each side of an atomic transaction generates a signature attached to the transaction, which is then checked by each node using accounts public keys. Atomic transaction is always associated with sending Tokens (amount can be >= 0). To each atomic transaction can be attached a smart contract, which is code in python executed in docker at random node. All nodes are checking if the given transaction is correct, meaning checking all signatures and all hashes.
Transaction – is a complex transaction consisting of many atomic transactions. Transactions to be accepted need to be signed by all parties of all atomic transactions inside the transaction. There are an unlimited number of parties in a transaction but need to be associated with the same Token.
Most important properties of Chainnet
- Types of accounts:
- Personal account – with a private key.
- Multisign account – manipulated by many personal accounts. Without a private key.
- Token – without a private key. Just manipulated by a personal account, or multisign account.
- Token Templates: Tokens must have 1,000,000.01 total supply, with cent as the minimal value (0.01). Total supply is not even to remove error equal portions 50/50, when majority cannot be obtained.
- Recipient must sign: Recipient of atomic transaction must sign in order transaction to be accepted.
- Transaction: There can be many, >= 2 accounts involved in one transaction. Transaction consists of atomic transactions, which are with only 2 Personal accounts.
- Fees: No transaction fees.
- Time limits: Transaction is limited in time, when transaction won’t be accepted by all parties, it is reverted.
- Parallel blockchain: Chains of different Tokens at the same time are processed parallel in Chainnet (meta-blockchain). Tokens themselves are processed like in normal blockchains to assure limited supply (no “double-spending”), meaning all nodes need to agree on one given transaction (block) at one time.
- Proof-Of-Stake: > 50% shares on a given Token must sign the last transaction to accept it.
- Authorization: Sender can authorize recipient to use his shares in the case of Proof-Of-Stake. In that case obtaining a majority > 50% is easier.
- Smart Contract: There will be placeholder to each transaction for optional data, meaning place for smart contract, or any file or data which can be written in computer format. These optional data are not affecting Chainnet itself, apart from that executing smart contract can return SUCCESS/FAILURE signal, which makes accept/reject an atomic transaction and transaction, even if all other parts of transaction are correct.
- Modes of Smart Contracts: SC can be in foreground mode, means executed immediately, or in background which is limited by time.
- PQC: Resistant on quantum computers – Post Quantum Cryptography applied.
- Oracles: Temporal oracles possible
- No limits of transaction size: In the case of standard blockchain there must be limitations of block size because all participants on Earth need to accept one block simultaneously and there are internet throughput and speed limitations. In the case of Chainnet there is no need for all participants of Chainnet to accept one transaction.
Use cases
- Chat, Video, Audio Rooms, and Sending files using PQC encryption
- Decentralized booking and settlement for binary options, trading, betting sites
- Trustless assurance for logistic delivery: Transaction is accepted only when all parties agreed for physical delivery took place (Seller -> Carrier -> Buyer)
- Lawyer case: remote, online contracts signing
- The court register: amount of hold tokens -> amount of hold stocks
- Cross blockchains DEXes (Decentralized Exchange) possible
